Haryana Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2026-27

Exam scheme

Theory 70, practical 30 (15 internal + 15 external). Subject code 865.

Unit	Chapters	Marks
Reproduction	Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants; Human Reproduction; Reproductive Health	16
Genetics and evolution	Principles of Inheritance and Variation; Molecular Basis of Inheritance; Evolution	20
Biology in human welfare	Human Health and Diseases; Microbes in Human Welfare	12
Biotechnology	Principles and Processes; Applications	12
Ecology	Organisms and Populations; Ecosystem; Biodiversity and Conservation	10

Chapters

1. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants — pre- and post-fertilisation; apomixis and polyembryony.
2. Human reproduction — gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, parturition.
3. Reproductive health — contraception, MTPs, STIs, infertility.
4. Principles of inheritance and variation — Mendel, linkage, sex determination, genetic disorders.
5. Molecular basis of inheritance — DNA, replication, transcription, translation, lac operon, HGP, DNA fingerprinting.
6. Evolution — evidence, Hardy–Weinberg, human evolution.
7. Human health and disease — immunity, AIDS, cancer, drugs and alcohol.
8. Microbes in human welfare — industry, sewage, biogas, biocontrol, biofertilisers.
9. Biotechnology — principles and processes.
10. Biotechnology and its applications — agriculture, medicine, ethical issues.
11. Organisms and populations
12. Ecosystem — productivity, energy flow, pyramids.
13. Biodiversity and conservation