Punjab Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2026-27

Exam scheme

Time 3 hours. Theory 80 + internal assessment including project 20 = 100. Same syllabus for Humanities and Commerce groups.

Part A — Introductory microeconomics

1. Introduction — central problems; planned vs market economy; positive and normative economics
2. Theory of consumer behaviour — utility; budget set and line; demand and elasticity
3. Production and costs — short run and long run; TP, AP, MP; returns to scale
4. The firm under perfect competition — revenue, profit maximisation, supply curve, shut-down and break-even
5. Market equilibrium — excess demand and supply; price ceiling and floor

Part B — Introductory macroeconomics

1. Introduction and emergence of macroeconomics
2. National income accounting
3. Money and banking
4. Determination of income and employment
5. Government budget and the economy
6. Open economy macroeconomics