UP Board Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2026-27

Marks distribution

Total: 100 marks — 70 marks written exam, 30 marks practical (minimum passing: 23 + 10 = 33). At least 8 marks of numerical questions are asked.

Unit	Topic	Marks
1	Solutions	8
2	Electrochemistry	7
3	Chemical Kinetics	7
4	d and f Block Elements	6
5	Coordination Compounds	7
6	Haloalkanes and Haloarenes	7
7	Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers	7
8	Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids	8
9	Amines	6
10	Biomolecules	7

Topics covered

Solutions (8): types of solutions, expressing concentration, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties (relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure), determining molecular mass via colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, van’t Hoff factor.

Electrochemistry (7): redox reactions, conductance of electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variation with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis, dry cell, galvanic cells, lead storage cell, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation, Gibbs free energy and EMF relationship, fuel cells, corrosion.

Chemical Kinetics (7): rate of reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate — concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations, half-life (zero and first order only), collision theory (elementary introduction), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.

d and f Block Elements (6): general introduction, electronic configuration, characteristics of transition metals and their availability, general trends in properties of the first transition series, metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic properties, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of KMnO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇; lanthanoids and actinoids (electronic configuration, oxidation states, lanthanoid contraction).

Coordination Compounds (7): introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties, shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding (Werner’s theory, VBT and CFT), structure and stereoisomerism, importance in metal extraction, qualitative analysis, and biological systems.

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes (7): nomenclature, nature of the C-X bond, physical/chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, optical rotation (haloalkanes); substitution reactions in haloarenes (directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds); uses and environmental effects of dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freon, and DDT.

Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers (7): nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (primary alcohols only), identifying primary/secondary/tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses of methanol and ethanol; phenols — acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses; ethers — nomenclature, preparation, properties, uses.

Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids (8): nomenclature, nature of the carbonyl group, preparation methods, physical/chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha-hydrogen in aldehydes, uses; carboxylic acids — nomenclature, acidic nature, preparation, properties, uses.

Amines (6): nomenclature, classification, structure, preparation methods, physical/chemical properties, uses, identifying primary/secondary/tertiary amines; diazonium salts — preparation, chemical reactions, and synthetic importance in organic chemistry.

Biomolecules (7): carbohydrates — classification (aldose, ketose), monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), D-L configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); proteins — amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptides, primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary structure (qualitative only), denaturation, enzymes, hormones (introductory, structure excluded); vitamins — classification and functions; nucleic acids — DNA and RNA.

Practical exam (30 marks)

Split between external evaluation (15 marks: qualitative analysis 4, volumetric analysis 4, content-based experiment 3, viva 4) and internal evaluation (15 marks: project and viva 8, class record 4, content-based experiment 3).

Practical syllabus includes: qualitative salt analysis (testing one cation and one anion from a prescribed list), volumetric analysis (titrating potassium permanganate against standard solutions of oxalic acid or ferrous ammonium sulphate), and content-based experiments across chromatography, functional group testing, food-content testing, surface chemistry (sol preparation and dialysis), chemical kinetics (effect of temperature/concentration on reaction rate), thermochemistry (enthalpy of solution/neutralization), and electrochemistry (cell potential variation with concentration).